The Mangosteen Pericarp
The Mangosteen Pericarp, which is the rind or peel, contains the highest level of xanthones. The pulp, which is the fruit, known for being one of the tastiest fruits in the world. The seeds found in the pulp. Mangosteen has compounds that have antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-tumor activity. Laboratory tests have indicated that extracts of mangosteen have activity against several cancer cell lines including breast, liver, and leukemia. Mangosteen also contains anti-histamine and anti-inflammatory properties. Mangosteen has been used for many years as a medicinal treatment for diarrhea, skin infection and wounds in South Asia.
The latest in scientific research shows mangosteen contains a class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compound known as xanthones. Xanthones provide beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and thrombosis. Mangosteen shows vasorelaxant properties. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Mangosteen has shown inhibitory action against these organisms. Mangosteen is highly effective in weak immune system. There are several compounds found in the Mangosteen that appear to make this fruit so active as a nutritional component for the body.
Xanthones are broken down even further into mangostin, mangostenol, mangostenone A, Mangostenone B, trapezifolixanthone, tovophyllin B, alpha- and beta-mangostins, garcinone B, mangostinone, mangostanol and the flavonoid epicatechin. A study of the antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line, showed SKBR3 cells were cultured in the presence of mangosteen extract at various concentrations. Mangosteen showed a dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. We found that an antiproliferative effect of mangosteen was associated with apoptosis on breast cancer cell line by determinations of morphological changes and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. Mangosteen also was found to inhibit ROS production. These investigations suggest that the mangosteen had strong anti-proliferation, potent anti-oxidation and induction of apoptosis. Mangosteen has potential for cancer chemoprevention, which is dose dependent as well as exposure time dependent. The ethanol extract of Mangosteen showed potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. The activity-guided purification of the extract resulted in the isolation of two active known compounds. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic analysis as mangostin and gamma-mangostin.
|